Guilingji Capsules reduce 900 MHz collphone electromagnetic radiation-induced testicular oxidative damage and downregulate Prdx2 protein expression in the rat testis / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the relationship of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from 900 MHz cellphone frequency with testicular oxidative damage and its influence on the Prdx2 protein expression in the rat testis, and to explore the mechanism of Guilingji Capsules (GC) alleviating oxidative damage to the testis tissue.@*METHODS@#Fifty healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number, sham-EMR, 4-h EMR, 8-h EMR, 4-h EMR+GC and 8-h EMR+GC and exposed to 900 MHz EMR (370 μW/cm2) for 0, 4 or 8 hours daily for 15 successive days. The rats of the latter two groups were treated intragastrically with GC suspension and those of the first three groups with pure water after exposure to EMR each day. After 15 days of exposure and treatment, all the rats were sacrificed and their testis tissue collected for observation of the histomorphological and ultrastructural changes by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy, measurement of the levels of serum glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) with thiobarbiuric acid and determination of the Prdx2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the rats in the sham-EMR group, those in the 4-h and 8-h EMR groups showed different degrees of histomorphological and ultrastructural changes in the testis tissue, significantly decreased levels of GSH (［80.62 ± 10.99］ vs ［69.58 ± 4.18］ and ［66.17 ± 8.45］ mg/L, P < 0.05) and SOD (［172.29 ± 10.98］ vs ［158.92 ± 6.46］ and ［148.91 ± 8.60］ U/ml, P < 0.05) and increased level of MDA (［7.51 ± 1.73］ vs ［9.84 ± 1.03］ and ［11.22 ± 2.13］ umol/ml, P < 0.05), even more significantly in the 8-h than in the 4-h EMR group (P < 0.05). In comparison with the sham-EMR group, the expression of the Prdx2 protein was markedly downregulated in the 4-h and 8-h EMR groups (0.56 ± 0.03 vs 0.49 ± 0.03, 0.21 ± 0.01, P < 0.05), but again upregulated in the 4-h and 8-h EMR+GC groups (0.55±0.03 and 0.37±0.04) (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Electromagnetic radiation from cellphones can cause ultrastructural damage to the testis tissue of male rats, while Guilingji Capsules can alleviate it, presumably by upregulating the Prdx2 protein expression in the testis tissue and reducing testicular oxidative damage.

Evaluation of prophylactic and therapeutic effects of sildenafil on acute radiation proctitis in rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the prophylactic and therapeutical effects of sildenafil in a model of acute radiation proctitis (ARP). Methods: All experimental procedures of this study was examined by histopathological, immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopic analysis. Results: Our histopathological evaluations indicated significant increases in lesion severity, cryptic apsis, cryptitis, cryptic distortion, reactive atypia and infiltration depth of the control (proctitis) group. While the prophylaxis group and the treatment group had significantly lower scores. High-dose group showed similar results as prophylaxis group. Histopathological findings of the prophylaxis group was more significant than the treatment group. Immunoreactivities of IL-1β, FGF-2, TNF- α and HIF-1α increased in the control group especially in the epithelial and cryptic regions. On the contrary, sildenafil application caused significant decreases of inflammatory markers in all treatment groups, specifically better results in the prophylaxis group. Conclusion: The sildenafil has anti-inflammatory effects on ARP, as well as protective effects against ARP and the protective effect of sildenafil surpasses its therapeutic effect histopathologically.

Anti-inflammatory effects of hyperbaric oxygen on irradiated laryngeal tissues / Efeitos anti-inflamatórios do oxigênio hiperbárico sobre tecidos laríngeos irradiados

Abstract Introduction To manage the complications of irradiation of head and neck tissue is a challenging issue for the otolaryngologist. Definitive treatment of these complications is still controversial. Recently, hyperbaric oxygen therapy is promising option for these complications. Objective In this study, we used biochemical and histopathological methods to investigate the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen against the inflammatory effects of radiotherapy in blood and laryngeal tissues when radiotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen are administered on the same day. Methods Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups. The control group was given no treatment, the hyperbaric oxygen group was given only hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the radiotherapy group was given only radiotherapy, and the radiotherapy plus hyperbaric oxygen group was given both treatments on the same day. Results Histopathological and biochemical evaluations of specimens were performed. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and tissue inflammation levels were significantly higher in the radiotherapy group than in the radiotherapy plus hyperbaric oxygen group, whereas interleukin-10 was higher in the radiotherapy plus hyperbaric oxygen group. Conclusion When radiotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen are administered on the same day, inflammatory cytokines and tissue inflammation can be reduced in an early period of radiation injury.

Resumo Introdução O manejo das complicações da irradiação do tecido da cabeça e pescoço é uma questão desafiadora para o otorrinolaringologista. O tratamento definitivo dessas complicações ainda é controverso. Recentemente, a oxigenoterapia hiperbárica tem sido uma opção promissora para essas complicações. Objetivo Nesse estudo foram usados métodos bioquímicos e histopatológicos para investigar a eficácia do oxigênio hiperbárico contra os efeitos inflamatórios da radioterapia no sangue e nos tecidos laríngeos, quando a radioterapia e oxigênio hiperbárico são administrados no mesmo dia. Métodos Trinta e dois ratos Wistar albinos foram divididos em quatro grupos. O grupo controle nao recebeu tratamento, o grupo de oxigenio hiperbarico recebeu apenas oxigenoterapia hiperbarica, o grupo de radioterapia recebeu apenas radioterapia e o grupo de radioterapia com oxigenio hiperbarico recebeu ambos os tratamentos no mesmo dia. Resultados Foram realizadas avaliaçoes histopatologicas e bioquimicas dos especimes. Os niveis sericos de fator de necrose tumoral-α, interleucina-1β e inflamaçao tecidual foram significativamente maiores no grupo de radioterapia do que no grupo de radioterapia mais oxigenio hiperbarico, enquanto que a interleucina-10 foi maior no grupo de radioterapia mais oxigenio hiperbarico. Conclusão Quando a radioterapia e o oxigênio hiperbárico são administrados no mesmo dia, as citocinas inflamatórias e a inflamação tecidual podem ser reduzidas no período inicial da radiação.

Therapeutic effect of Aloe vera and silver nanoparticles on acid-induced oral ulcer in gamma-irradiated mice

Abstract Radiation combined injury, a life-threatening condition, has higher mortality than simple radiation injury. The aim of the present study was to analyze the efficiency of Aloe vera and silver nanoparticles in improving the healing of ulcerated oral mucosa after irradiation. Thirty male Albino mice were divided into five groups: control, radiation, Aloe vera (AV), silver nanoparticles (NS), and AV+NS. The mice were exposed to whole body 6Gy gamma-radiation. After one hour, 20% acetic acid was injected into the submucosal layer of the lower lip for ulcer induction. The animals received topical treatment with the assigned substances for 5 days. Lip specimens were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and anti alpha-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemical staining. Results demonstrated occurance of ulcer three days post irradiation in all groups except in the AV+NS group where only epithelial detachment was developed. After seven days, data revealed persistent ulcer in radiation group, and almost normal epithelium in the AV+NS group. A significant reduction of epithelial thickness was detected in all groups at the third day as compared to control. At the seventh day, only the AV+NS group restored the epithelial thickness. Area percent of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression was significantly decreased in radiation group at the third day followed by significant increase at the seventh day. However, all treatment groups showed significant increase in alpha-smooth muscle actin at the third day, which decreased to normal level at the seventh day. Our study demonstrated the efficiency of Aloe vera and silver nanoparticles in enhancing ulcer healing after irradiation.

MMP Inhibitor Ilomastat Improves Survival of Mice Exposed to γ-Irradiation / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

There is still a need for better protection against or mitigation of the effects of ionizing radiation following conventional radiotherapy or accidental exposure. The objective of our current study was to investigate the possible roles of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, ilomastat, in the protection of mice from total body radiation (TBI), and the underlying protective mechanisms. Ilomastat treatment increased the survival of mice after TBI. Ilomastat pretreatment promoted recovery of hematological and immunological cells in mice after 6 Gy γ-ray TBI. Our findings suggest the potential of ilomastat to protect against or mitigate the effects of radiation.

Development of a new model of actinic enteritis in rats using a cobalt-60 open source and a protection device as a collimator

Abstract Purpose: To describe a new model of actinic enteritis that does not use radiotherapy machines. Methods: Sixteen Wistar rats were divided into four groups, consisting of four animals each: control (group A), two weeks after irradiation (group B), five weeks after irradiation (group C) and eight weeks after irradiation (group D). Animals were given a 10Gy radiation from a Cobalt-60 natural source in a nuclear technology research center. Protections of the surrounding tissues were obtained through the usage of plumb devices with a hole in the center, which served as a collimator. We obtained irradiated and non-irradiated colons from each animal. Results: In group B we found an important inflammatory response in the irradiated colon, which appeared in a reduced way in group C and was minimal in group D, in which we found a relevant collagen submucosal deposition/fibrosis. In all groups, the non-irradiated colon had a lower pathological damage in comparison with the irradiated colon. Conclusion: We thus described an efficient and feasible technique for obtaining an animal model of actinic enteritis.

Short- and long-term effects of zinc treatment on lacrimal gland histopathology and tear functions tests in radioiodine-administered rats / Efeitos de curto e longo prazo do tratamento com zinco na histopatologia da glândula lacrimal e funções lacrimais em ratos que receberam iodo radioativo

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the short-term (1 week) and long-term (8 weeks) protective effects of zinc administration on radioiodine (RAI)-induced lacrimal gland damage of rats. Methods: A total of 40 rats were divided into two groups: an RAI group (n=20), which was administrated a single dose of 3 mCi of 131I and 1 mL physiologic saline for 7 days by gastric gavage, and a zinc group (n=20), which received a single dose of 3 mCi of 131I and 1 mL of physiologic saline containing zinc sulfate at a concentration of 10 mg/kg concentration for 7 days by gastric gavage. All rats underwent tear function tests before and 1 week after RAI administration. About 1 week after irradiation, half of the animals in each group were sacrificed and the extraorbital lacrimal glands were removed for histopathological examination. The remaining animals of the groups underwent the same procedures at 8 weeks after irradiation. Results: In the RAI and zinc groups, the mean tear production was 3.75 ± 1.55 and 3.65 ± 1.53 mm at baseline, 2.10 ± 1.07 and 3.30 ± 1.34 mm at week 1 (p=0.004), and 3.22 ± 1.48 and 3.50 ± 1.78 mm at week 8, respectively; further, the mean corneal fluorescein staining scores were 4.65 ± 2.16 and 4.80 ± 2.21 points at baseline, 7.85 ± 1.90 and 5.45 ± 2.06 points at week 1 (p=0.001), and 5.44 ± 2.13 and 4.90 ± 2.08 at week 8, respectively. The histopathological changes in rat lacrimal glands at weeks 1 and 8 were consistent with the tear function test results. Conclusions: Zinc treatment seems to be protective against RAI-induced lacrimal gland damage of rats, particularly in the acute period.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar se o tratamento com zinco tem efeito protetor, no curto prazo (1 semana) e longo prazo (8 semanas), sobre os danos induzidos na glândula lacrimal por iodo radiotativo (RAI) em ratos. Métodos: Quarenta ratos foram divididos em dois grupos. No grupo RAI (n=20) foi administrada uma única dose de 3 mCi 131I e 1 cc de solução salina fisiológica durante 7 dias, por gavagem gástrica. O grupo zinco (n=20) recebeu uma dose única de 3 mCi 131I e 1 cc de solução salina fisiológica contendo sulfato de zinco na concentração de 10 mg/kg durante 7 dias por gavagem gástrica. Os testes de função lacrimal foram realizadas para todos os animais antes e após uma semana da administração da RAI. Em seguida, após 1 semana da administração, metade dos animais de cada grupo foi sacrificada e as glândulas lacrimais extraorbitais foram removidas para exame histopatológico. Os animais remanescentes dos grupos foram submetidos aos mesmos procedimentos após 8 semanas a radiação. Resultados: As médias de produção lacrimal foram de 3,75 ± 1,55 e 3,65 ± 1,53 mm na linha de base, 2,10 ± 1,07 e 3,30 ± 1,34 mm na 1a semana (p=0,004), e 3,22 ± 1,48 e 3,50 ± 1,78 mm na 8a semana, para os grupos RAI e zinco, respectivamente. As pontuações médias de coloração fluoresceína foram 4,65 ± 2,16 e 4,80 ± 2,21 no início do estudo, 7,85 ± 1,90 e 5,45 ± 2,06 na primeira semana (p=0,001), 5,44 ± 2,13 e 4,90 ± 2,08 pontos na 8a semana, para os grupos RAI e zinco, respectivamente. As alterações histopatológicas das glândulas lacrimais em 1 e 8 semanas foram consistentes com os testes de função lacrimal resultados. Conclusões: O tratamento de zinco parece ser protetor sobre os danos glândula lacrimal induzidos por RAI em ratos, especialmente no período agudo.

L-carnitine has a protective effect on the colonic mucosa during abdominopelvic radiotherapy in rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathologically the radioprotective effect of L-carnitine on the colonic mucosa in rats undergoing abdominopelvic irradiation. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: intraperitoneal administration of normal saline (group 1) or L-carnitine (300 mL/kg; group 2), followed in groups 3 and 4, respectively, by one dose of abdominopelvic radiation (20 Gy) 30 min later. Rats were sacrificed 5 days after radiation, and their descending colons were resected for histopathological evaluation of the presence and severity of damage. RESULTS: Average damage scores did not differ significantly between groups 1 and 2 (0.13 ± 0.35 and 0.25 ± 0.46, respectively); the group 3 score was highest (10.25 ± 0.71), and the group 4 score (3.63 ± 1.41) was significantly lower than that of group 3 (both p = 0.0001). Pre-radiation L-carnitine administration significantly reduced mucosal thinning, crypt distortion, reactive atypia, inflammation, cryptitis, and reactive lymph-node hyperplasia (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine had a radioprotective effect on rat colonic mucosa. L-carnitine use should be explored for patients with gastrointestinal cancer, who have reduced serum L-carnitine levels.

Effects of L-Glutamine oral supplementation on prostate of irradiated rats

ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the protective effect of L-Glutamine in animals undergone to ventral radiation when the target organ is not the prostate. Materials and Methods Wistar rats were divided into groups of 10 animals each: Controls (C), maintained under standard conditions and not exposed to radiation, Radiated group (R) undergone to abdominal radiation only and Radiated plus supplemented by L-glutamine group (R+G). The animals of group R+G were supplemented with L-glutamine at the beginning of the experiment until death in the 22nd day. The ventral prostate was dissected and processed for morphometrical analysis. The epithelial height, collagen density and acinar area were objectively assessed in histological sections. Results Epithelial height was significantly reduced in R group in comparison to C group (p= 0.005). However, there was no statistical difference between the C and R+G groups. Collagen surface density in the C and R groups were not statistically different, but a significant difference was observed when comparing groups R+G and R (p= 0.040). The R+G group values did not differ significantly from C group. The acinar prostate area of group R was similar to that of C (p= 0.971), but in R+G it was significantly reduced when compared with the C (p= 0.038) and R (p= 0.001) groups. Conclusions Pelvic radiation promotes structural modifications in ventral prostate of rats, which can be reduced by L-Glutamine.

The effect of amifostine on bacterial translocation after radiation induced acute enteritis

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of amifostine on bacterial translocation and overgrowth in colonic flora after acute radiation enteritis in a rat model. METHODS: Thirty-two female Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Group-1 (n=8): only normal saline was administered intraperitoneally. Group-2 (n=8): first serum saline was administered intraperitoneally and 30 minutes later 20 Gy radiation was applied to abdominopelvic region. Group-3 (n=8): only amifostine 200 ml/kg was administered intraperitoneally and radiation was not applied. Group-4 (n=8): first amifostine 200 ml/kg was administered intraperitoneally and 30 minutes later 20 Gy radiation was applied to abdominopelvic region. On the 5th day after radiation, samples of mesenteric lymph tissues and cecal contents were taken by laparotomy for microbiological culture. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal amifostine administration significantly decreased the bacterial overgrowth related to radiation in colon but did not significantly decrease the bacterial translocation. CONCLUSİON: Although not providing a full protection on the damaged mucosal barrier, amifostine significantly decreased the bacterial overgrowth in the cecal content after high dose radiation. There is a need to find out appropriate amifostine dose under different radiation applications avoiding bacterial translocation in gastrointestinal system.

Micro-CT evaluation of the radioprotective effect of resveratrol on the mandibular incisors of irradiated rats

Abstract The purpose of this study was to perform a microcomputed tomographic evaluation of the radioprotective effect of resveratrol on the volume of mandibular incisors of irradiated rats. A second aim was to make a quantitative assessment of the effect of x-ray exposure on these dental tissues. Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, irradiated control, resveratrol, and irradiated resveratrol. The resveratrol groups received 100 mg/kg of resveratrol, whereas the irradiated groups were exposed to 15 Gy of irradiation. The animals were sacrificed 30 days after the irradiation procedure, and their mandibles were removed and scanned in a microcomputed tomography unit. The images were loaded into Mimics software to allow segmentation of the mandibular incisor and assessment of its volume. The results were compared by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, considering a 5% significance level. The irradiated groups showed significantly diminished volumes of the evaluated teeth, as compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The resveratrol group presented higher values than those of the irradiated groups, and volumes similar to those of the control group. High radiation doses significantly affected tooth formation, resulting in alterations in the dental structure, and thus lower volumes. Moreover, resveratrol showed no effective radioprotective impact on dental tissues. Future studies are needed to evaluate different concentrations of this substance, in an endeavor to verify its potential as a radioprotector for these dental tissues.

Effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 on acute radiation-induced lung injury in mice

BACKGROUND: The radiation-induced lung injury is a common complication from radiotherapy in lung cancer. CpG ODN is TLR9 activator with potential immune modulatory effects and sensitization of radiotherapy in lung cancer. This study aimed to examine the effect of CpG ODN on acute radiation-induced lung injury in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: The mouse model of radiation-induced lung injury was established by a single dose of 20 Gy X-rays exposure to the left lung. The results showed that the pneumonia score was lower in RT+CpG group than in RT group on 15th and 30th days. Compared with RT group, CpG ODN reduced the serum concentrations of MDA (P < 0.05) and increased the serum concentrations of SOD, GSH (P < 0.05). The serum concentration of TNF-α in RT+CpG group was lower on 15th and 30th days post-irradiation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that CpG ODN has preventive effects of acute radiation-induced lung injury in mice. Lung inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress are promoted in the initiation of radiation-induced pneumonia. CpG ODN may reduce the injury of reactive oxygen species and adjust the serum TNF-α concentration in the mice after irradiation, which reduces the generation of the inflammatory cytokines.

Protective effects of shikonin on brain injury induced by carbon ion beam irradiation in mice / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Radiation encephalopathy is the main complication of cranial radiotherapy. It can cause necrosis of brain tissue and cognitive dysfunction. Our previous work had proved that a natural antioxidant shikonin possessed protective effect on cerebral ischemic injury. Here we investigated the effects of shikonin on carbon ion beam induced radiation brain injury in mice. Pretreatment with shikonin significantly increased the SOD and CAT activities and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in mouse brain tissues compared with irradiated group (P<0.01), while obviously reduced the MDA and PCO contents and the ROS levels derived from of the brain mitochondria. The shikonin also noticeably improved the spatial memory deficits caused by carbon ion beam irradiation. All results demonstrated that shikonin could improve the irradiated brain injury which might resulted from its modulation effects on the oxidative stress induced by the 12C6+ ion beam.

The prevention of canine osteoradionecrosis of jaws by low-intensity ultrasound / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the preventive effect of low-intensity ultrasound on osteoradionecrosis of jaws (ORNJ).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-five canines were randomly divided into experimental group (n=20) and control group (n=5). The canines in experimental group received radiation exposure, and then were randomly subdivided into group A (n=10) and group B (n=10). Control group did not undergo radiotherapy. One month after radiotherapy, the fourth mandibular premolars of all animals were extracted. Group B was immediately treated by low-intensity ultrasound for twenty days, group A and control group did not receive any treatment. Two months after tooth extraction, the formation of ORNJ was determined and the occurrence rate of ORNJ was compared between group A and B. The microstructure of the mandible and changes in microvascular density in group A and B were evaluated and compared with those of control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All animals in group B and group A developed ORNJ after prophylactic ultrasound was applied for twenty days. Although the imaging examination of bony density of group A and B were lower than normal animals in control group, bone density in group B was significantly better than group A. Micro-CT showed that the trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, bone surface/bone volume and trabecular number in group B were respectively (0.187±0.029)%, (0.160±0.039) µm, (12.536±2.558)/mm, (1.227±0.192)/mm, which were all greater than group A [(0.103±0.014)%, (0.069±0.013) µm, (5.598±0.731)/mm, (0.522±0.064)/mm)] (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although the preventive application of low intensity ultrasound can not prevent the formation of ORNJ, but can significantly improve the symptoms of ORNJ.</p>

Establishment of a miniature pig model of mandibular osteoradionecrosis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a miniature pig model of mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A single dose of irradiation (IR25 Gy, 28 Gy) was delivered via an electronic linear accelerator to the right mandible of 24 miniature pigs by utilizing three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). The first molar of the mandible was extracted 2 months after radiation. Mandibular ORN was diagnosed through gross observation, X-ray film, CT, and histopathologic examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 3-4 months after radiation, all animals suffered from mandibular ORN after dental extraction. The symptoms of ORN were more severe in the 28 Gy group than in the 25 Gy group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A miniature pig model of mandibular ORN can be established through 25 Gy irradiation + dental extraction.</p>

Morinda Officinalis How improves cellphone radiation-induced abnormality of LH and LHR in male rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Morina Officinalis How (MOH) on the abnormal levels of serum luteotrophic hormone (LH) and LH receptor (LHR) in the testis tissue induced by cellphone radiation (CPR) in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number: sham CPR, untreated CPR, negative double distilled water (DDW) control, aqueous MOH extract, and alcohol MOH extract. All the animals were exposed to mobile phone radiation except those of the sham CPR group. Then, the rats of the latter two groups were treated intragastrically with MOH at 20 g per kg of the body weight per day in water and alcohol, respectively. After 2. weeks of treatment, all the rats were sacrificed for measurement of the levels of serum LH and LHR in the testis tissue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of serum LH and LHR were 30.15 ± 8.71 and 33.28 ± 6.61 in the aqueous MOH group and 0.96 ± 0.06 and 0.94 ± 0.08 in the alcohol MOH group, both significantly decreased as compared with the negative DDW controls (P < 0.05), but with no remarkable difference between the two MOH groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MOH can improve CPR-induced abnormality of LH and LHR in adult male rats.</p>

beta-irradiation (166Ho patch)-induced skin injury in mini-pigs: effects on NF-kappaB and COX-2 expression in the skin

In the present study, the detrimental effect of beta-emission on pig skin was evaluated. Skin injury was modeled in mini-pigs by exposing the animals to 50 and 100 Gy of beta-emission delivered by 166Ho patches. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical changes in exposed skin were monitored for 18 weeks after beta-irradiation. Radiation induced desquamation at 2~4 weeks and gradual repair of this damage was evident 6 weeks after irradiation. Changes in basal cell density and skin depth corresponded to clinically relevant changes. Skin thickness began to decrease 1 week after irradiation, and the skin was thinnest 4 weeks after irradiation. Skin thickness increased transiently during recovery from irradiation-induced skin injury, which was evident 6~8 weeks after irradiation. Epidermal expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) differed significantly between the untreated and irradiated areas. One week after irradiation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was mostly limited to the basal cell layer and scattered among these cells. High levels of COX-2 expression were detected throughout the full depth of the skin 4 weeks after irradiation. These findings suggest that NF-kappaB and COX-2 play roles in epidermal cell regeneration following beta-irradiation of mini-pig skin.

A new problem in inflammatory bladder diseases: Use of mobile phones!

Purpose Technological developments provide a lot of conveniences to our lives. This issue is one of the risks that arise along with these conveniences. In our study we tried to understand the impact of electromagnetic waves from mobile phones on bladder tissue. Materials and Methods Twenty-one adult male albino rats were divided into three equal groups. Group 1 was exposed to electromagnetic wave for 8 hours per day for 20 days and then their bladders were taken off immediately. Group 2 was firstly exposed to electromagnetic wave for 8 hours per day for 20 days then secondly another for 20 days without exposition to electromagnetic wave and then their bladders were taken off. Group 3 was the control group and they were not exposed to electromagnetic wave. Results Under microscopic examination of bladder tissue, in the first group severe inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in lamina propria and muscle layer in contrast to intact urothelium. In the second group mild inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in lamina propria and muscle layer. The mean scores for the three groups were 5.5 ± 2.5, 0.8 ± 1.3 and 1.2 ± 1.5 respectively. Mean score of group 1 was statistically higher than others (p = 0.001). Conclusion Intensive use of mobile phones has negative impact on bladder tissue as well as the other organs. Keeping a minimum level of mobile phone use makes it easy to be kept under control of diseases in which inflammation is an etiologic factor. .

The Effect of Probiotics for Preventing Radiation-Induced Morphological Changes in Intestinal Mucosa of Rats

Radiation therapy is an important treatment modality for abdominal or pelvic cancer, but there is a common and serious complication such as radiation-induced enteritis. Probiotics is reported to have positive effects against radiation-induced enteropathy. In this study, morphological changes of bowel mucosa were analyzed in rats to presume the effect of probiotics on radiation-induced enteritis and its correlation with radiation dose. A total of 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups and received a solution containing 1.0x108 colony-forming units of Lactiobacillus acidophilus or water once daily for 10 days. Each of two groups was divided into three subgroups and abdomino-pelvic area of each subgroup was irradiated with 10, 15, and 20 Gy, respectively on the seventh day of feeding the solutions. All rats were sacrificed 3 days after irradiation and the mucosal thickness and villus height of jejunum, ileum and colon were measured. The morphological parameters of the small intestine represented significant differences between two solution groups irradiated 10 or 15 Gy, except for villus height of jejunum in 15 Gy-subgroup (P=0.065). There was no significant morphometric difference between two groups irradiated with 20 Gy of radiation. Probiotics appear to be effective for the morphological shortening of small intestinal mucosa damaged by radiation less than or equal to 15 Gy.

Study on efficacy of liujunzi decoction combined with zuojin pills in treating acute radioactive duodenitis and their mechanism / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Liujunzi decoction combined with Zuojin pills in treating the radioactive duodenitis and their mechanism, and compare with clinical routine acid suppressants combined with mucous membrane protective preparations to study the mechanism of their efficacy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to the study of Williams J P and characteristics of duodenitis, and by reference to the radiation enteritis modeling standard, we took the lead in establishing the mouse radioactive duodenal injury model. The model mice were randomly divided into the control group (n = 26), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (n = 16) and the western medicine (oral administration with famotidine 0.5 mL + almagate suspension 0.3 mL per mouse, once a day) group (n = 16). After the standard administrating, such objective indexes as general condition, weight, changes in health score, pathology and expression of inflammatory factors were observed to evaluate the efficacy.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The radioactive duodenitis model of mice was successfully established with 12 Gy. Mice in the control group suffered from weight loss, anorexia, low fluid intake, loose stools, and occasionally mucous bloody stool, poor spirit, dim fur, lack of exercise and arch back. Mice in drug intervention groups were generally better than those in the pure irradiation group. The IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha mRNA expressions in spleen and mesenteric lymph node tissues in TCM and western medicine groups showed a declining trend compared with the control group. Their concentrations in peripheral blood serum also slightly changed. The TCM group revealed notable advantage in reducing inflammatory factors. The microscopic observation showed that a better mucosa repair in intervention groups than the pure irradiation group. The improved Chiu's scoring method showed a statistical significance in the difference between TCM and western medicine groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Liujunzi decoction combined with Zuojin pills could treat acute radiation enteritis, regulate organic immunity, and inhibit acute injury, promote local tissue repair, with the potential to resist such adverse effects as radiation intestinal fibrosis. The regulation of inflammatory factor release is one of efficacy generation mechanisms.</p>